LAWS OF MALAYSIA REPRINT Act 234 DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT 1952 Incorporating all amendments up to 1 January 2006 PUBLISHED BY THE COMMISSIONER OF LAW REVISION, MALAYSIA UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE REVISION OF LAWS ACT 1968 IN COLLABORATION WITH PERCETAKAN NASIONAL MALAYSIA BHD 2006 2 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT 1952 First enacted ... ... ... ... ... ... 1952 (Ordinance No. 30 of 1952) Revised ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1980 (Act 234 w.e.f 17 July 1980) PREVIOUS REPRINT First Reprint ... ... ... ... ... 2000 Dangerous Drugs 3 LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 234 DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT 1952 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Section 1. Short title PART I INTERPRETATION AND DEFINITIONS 2. Interpretation 3. Appointment of Drug Enforcement Officers PART II CONTROL OF RAW OPIUM, COCA LEAVES, POPPY-STRAW AND CANNABIS 4. Restriction on importation of raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw and cannabis 5. Restriction on exportation of raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw and cannabis 6. Restriction on possession of raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw and cannabis 6A. (Deleted) 6B. Restriction on planting or cultivation of certain plants 7. Power to regulate the production of and dealing in raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw and cannabis PART III CONTROL OF PREPARED OPIUM, CANNABIS AND CANNABIS RESIN 8. Application to cannabis and cannabis resin 4 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia Section 9. Possession, etc., of prepared opium 10. Use of premises, possession of utensils and consumption of opium PART IV CONTROL OF CERTAIN DANGEROUS DRUGS 11. Extent of application of Part IV 12. Restriction on import and export of certain dangerous drugs 13. Keeping or using premises for unlawful administration 14. Administration to others 15. Self administration 16. Control of manufacture and sale of certain dangerous drugs 17. Prohibition of trade, etc., in new drugs, and power to apply Part IV with or without modifications to certain drugs PART V CONTROL OF EXTERNAL TRADE 18. Interpretation 19. Export of dangerous drugs 20. Import of dangerous drugs 21. Dangerous drugs in transit 22. Removal licences in transit 23. Drugs not to be tampered with 24. The diversion of dangerous drugs in transit 25. Exemption of preparation in the possession of travellers PART VA 25A­25P. (Deleted) PART VI ANCILLARY AND GENERAL PROVISIONS 26. Interpretation 27. Powers of inspection and seizure 27A. Power to intercept communication 28. Obstruction of inspection or search Dangerous Drugs 5 Section 29. Indemnity 30. Seizure and forfeiture of drugs, etc. 30A. Things seized may be delivered to the owner or other person 31. Power of arrest and seizure 31A. Examination of arrested person by a medical officer 31B. Procedure where investigation cannot be completed within twenty- four hours by an officer of customs 32. False declaration 33. Abetments and attempts punishable as offences 34. Abetting or procuring the commission of an offence abroad 35. Liability of officers of a company and employers and servants 36. Burden of proof 37. Presumptions 37A. Admission of statements in evidence 37B. (Deleted) 38. Ship or aircraft used for unlawful import or export 38A. Powers of the Court in respect of drug dependants below the age of eighteen 38B. Powers of the Court in respect of persons found guilty under section 15 39. General penalty 39A. Increased penalty where the subject matter is the prescribed amount of certain dangerous drugs 39B. Trafficking in dangerous drugs 39C. Increased penalty where person has prior admissions or convictions 40. Protection of informers 40A. Evidence of agent provocateur admissible 41. Jurisdiction 41A. Special provisions relating to transmission of a case to, and trial by, the High Court 41B. No bail to be granted in respect of certain offences 42. Power to conduct prosecutions 42A. Rewards 43. Licences, permits, etc., may be subject to conditions 44. Power of Minister to delegate powers and functions 6 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia Section 45. Power of Minister to exempt certain drugs and institutions from certain provisions of the Act 45A. Power of the Minister to vary First Schedule 46. Act not to derogate from other statutory or other legal provisions and powers 47. Regulations 48. Drug Enforcement officers to be deemed public servants 49. Action of officers no offence 50. Repeal FIRST SCHEDULE SECOND SCHEDULE THIRD SCHEDULE Dangerous Drugs 7 LAWS OF MALAYSIA Act 234 DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT 1952 An Act to make further and better provision for the regulating of the importation, exportation, manufacture, sale, and use of opium and of certain other dangerous drugs and substances, to make special provision relating to the jurisdiction of courts in respect of offences thereunder and their trial, and for purposes connected therewith. [Peninsular Malaysia--1 November 1952, L.N. 554/1952; Sabah and Sarawak--1 June 1978, P.U. (A) 157/1978] Short title 1. This Act may be cited as the Dangerous Drugs Act 1952. PART I INTERPRETATION AND DEFINITIONS Interpretation 2. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-- "aircraft" includes every description of craft which may be used for the conveyance of passengers or goods by air; "cannabis" means any part of any plant of the genus Cannabis from which there is found to be present resin irrespective of its quantity, and by whatever name the plant may be designated; "cannabis resin" means the separated resin, whether crude or purified, obtained from any plant of the genus Cannabis; "coca leaves" means the leaves of any plant of the genus of the Erythroxylaceae from which cocaine can be extracted either directly or by chemical transformation; 8 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia "Commission" means the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations; "conveyance" includes ship, train, vehicle, aircraft, or any other means of transport by which persons or goods can be carried; "corresponding law" means any law stated in a certificate purporting to be issued by or on behalf of the Government of any country or territory to be a law providing for the control and regulation in that country or territory of the manufacture, sale, use, export, and import of drugs and substances in accordance with the Geneva Convention (No. 1) or of the Geneva Convention (No. 2) or of the Hague Convention or of the Protocol or of the Single Convention and any statement in any such certificate (or in any official copy thereof) as to the effect of the law mentioned in the certificate (or in any official copy thereof), or any statement in any such certificate (or in any official copy thereof) that any facts constitute an offence against that law, shall be conclusive; "dangerous drug" means any drug or substance which is for the time being comprised in the First Schedule; "Drug Enforcement Officer" means a Drug Enforcement Officer appointed under section 3 of this Act; "export", with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, in relation to Malaysia, means to take or cause to be taken out of Malaysia by land, air or water, otherwise than in transit; "Geneva Convention (No. 1)" means the Convention concluded at the Second Opium Conference held at Geneva for the purpose of completing and strengthening the Hague Convention and signed at Geneva on 19 February 1925; "Geneva Convention (No. 2)" means the Convention concluded at a Conference held at Geneva for the purpose of supplementing the Hague Convention and the Geneva Convention (No. 1) and signed at Geneva on 13 July 1931; "Hague Convention" means the International Opium Convention signed at the Hague on 23 January 1912; "import", with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, in relation to Malaysia, means to bring, or to cause to be brought into Malaysia by land, air or water, otherwise than in transit; Dangerous Drugs 9 "in transit" means taken or sent from any country and brought into Malaysia by land, air or water (whether or not landed or transhipped in Malaysia) for the sole purpose of being carried to another country either by the same or another conveyance; "licensed pharmacist" means a registered pharmacist who is the holder of a Type A Licence issued under the Poisons Act 1952 [Act 366]; "manufacture", in relation to a dangerous drug, includes-- (a) the making, producing, compounding and assembling of the drug; (b) the making, producing, compounding and assembling a preparation of the drug; (c) the refining or transformation of the drug into another dangerous drug; and (d) any process done in the course of the foregoing activities; "medicinal opium" means raw opium which has undergone the processes necessary to adapt it for medicinal use in accordance with the requirements of the British Pharmacopoeia, whether in powder form or granulated or otherwise, or mixed with neutral materials; "Minister" means the Minister charged with the responsibility for medical and health services; "offence under this Act" includes an offence under any regulation made under this Act; "opium poppy" means any plant from which morphine may be produced; "Peninsular Malaysia" has the meaning assigned thereto in section 3 of the Interpretation Acts 1948 and 1967 [Act 388], and includes the *Federal Territory; "poppy-straw" means all parts except the seeds of the opium poppy, after mowing; "premises" includes any house, shop, store, room, cubicle, shed, conveyance, or any place whether open or enclosed; *NOTE--Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Labuan are included­see P.U. (A) 220/1985. For Putrajaya see section 1 of Act A1095. 10 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia "prepared opium" means the substance commonly called candu and means opium prepared or re-prepared so as to be suitable for smoking or consumption otherwise and includes dross and any other residues remaining after such opium has been smoked; "Protocol" means the Protocol on Narcotic Drugs signed at Lake Success, New York, on 11 December 1946; "raw opium" means the coagulated juice obtained from any plant from which morphine may be produced, whatever its content of morphine and in whatever form the coagulated juice is, but does not include medicinal opium; "registered dentist" means a dental practitioner as defined in subsection 2(1) of the Dental Act 1971 [Act 51]; "registered dental surgeon" means a dental surgeon as defined in subsection 2(1) of the Dental Act 1971; "registered medical practitioner" means a medical practitioner registered under the Medical Act 1971 [Act 50]; "registered pharmacist" means a pharmacist registered under any written law relating to the registration of pharmacists, and includes, in Sabah or Sarawak, a person holding a qualification recognized by the Director of Medical Services in Sabah or Sarawak, as the case may be, as a sufficient guarantee of the possession of the requisite knowledge and skill for the efficient practice of the profession of a pharmacist; "ship" includes every description of ship, boat or craft used in navigation, whether propelled by oars or otherwise, or used for the carriage or storage of goods; "Single Convention" means the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs signed at New York on 30 March 1961; " s u b o r d i n a t e court" has the meaning assigned thereto in section 3 of the Courts of Judicature Act 1964 [Act 91]; "syringe" means any instrument suitable for the administration of hypodermic injections; "trafficking" includes the doing of any of the following acts, that is to say, manufacturing, importing, exporting, keeping, concealing, buying, selling, giving, receiving, storing, administering, Dangerous Drugs 11 transporting, carrying, sending, delivering, procuring, supplying or distributing any dangerous drug otherwise than under the authority of this Act or the regulations made under the Act; "veterinary surgeon" has the meaning assigned thereto in the Veterinary Surgeons Act 1974 [Act 147]; "written law" has the meaning assigned thereto in the Interpretation Acts 1948 and 1967. Appointment of Drug Enforcement Officers 3.  The Yang di-Pertuan Agong may appoint such persons as he may think fit to be Drug Enforcement Officers for the purposes of this Act. PART II CONTROL OF RAW OPIUM, COCA LEAVES, POPPY-STRAW AND CANNABIS Restriction on importation of raw opium, coca leaves, poppy- straw and cannabis 4. (1) No person shall import into Malaysia any raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis except under and in accordance with the authorization of the Minister and into such ports or places as may be prescribed by such authorization. (2) Any person who contravenes this section shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be liable on conviction to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years and not less than three years. Restriction on exportation of raw opium, coca leaves, poppy- straw and cannabis 5. (1) No persons shall export from Malaysia any raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis except under and in accordance with the authorization of the Minister and from such ports or places as may be prescribed by such authorization. 12 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia (2) If at any time the importation of raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis into any country or territory is prohibited or restricted by the laws of that country or territory, there shall, while that prohibition or restriction is in force, be attached to every authorization issued under this Part authorizing the exportation of raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis from Malaysia such conditions as appear to the Minister necessary for preventing or restricting, as the case may be, the exportation of raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis from Malaysia to that country or territory during such time as the importation of raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis into that country or territory is so prohibited or restricted, and any such authorizations issued before the said prohibition or restriction came into force shall, if the Minister so directs, be deemed to be subject to the like conditions. (3) Any person who contravenes this section or of any condition attached or applicable to any authorization under subsection (2) shall be guilty of an offence against this Act and shall be liable on conviction to *imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years and not less than three years. Restriction on possession of raw opium, coca leaves, poppy- straw and cannabis 6.  Any person who keeps or has in his possession, custody or control any raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis or the seeds of the plants from which they may be obtained either directly or indirectly, except under and in accordance with an authorization such as is referred to in sections 4 and 5 or with any regulation made under section 7 thereof, shall be guilty of an offence against this Act and liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding **twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both. 6A. (Deleted by Act A553). Restriction on planting or cultivation of certain plants 6B. (1) No person shall-- (a) either on his own behalf or on behalf of any other person, plant or cultivate any plant from which raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis may be obtained either directly or indirectly; *NOTE--Previously "fine not exceeding ten thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both such fine and imprisonment"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1973 [Act A194]. **NOTE--Previously "ten thousand ringgit"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1986 [Act A659]. Dangerous Drugs 13 (b) allow any plant, from which raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis may be obtained either directly or indirectly, to be planted or cultivated by some other person on land owned or occupied by him or in any receptacle on such land; or (c) allow any plant, from which raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis may be obtained either directly or indirectly, planted or cultivated by some other person on land owned or occupied by him or in any receptacle on such land, to remain on such land or in such receptacle. (2) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the Minister from authorizing any public officer to plant or cultivate any plant, from which raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis may be obtained either directly or indirectly, in places and on such terms and conditions as may be specified in such authorization for research, educational, experimental or medical purposes. (3) Any person who contravenes this section shall be guilty of an offence against this Act and shall be punished on conviction with imprisonment for life and with whipping of not less than six strokes. (4) Any person found on land or who occupies land on which, or any person found in possession of any receptacle in which, any plant, from which raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis may be obtained either directly or indirectly, is planted or cultivated shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, to be the person who planted or cultivated such plant. Power to regulate the production of and dealing in raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw and cannabis 7. (1) The Minister may make regulations for prohibiting, controlling and restricting the cultivation, production, possession, sale and distribution of raw opium, coca leaves, poppy-straw or cannabis. (2) All such regulations shall be made in accordance with section 47. 14 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia PART III CONTROL OF PREPARED OPIUM, CANNABIS AND CANNABIS RESIN Application to cannabis and cannabis resin 8.  In this Part any reference to prepared opium or opium shall be construed as including a reference to cannabis, cannabis resin and substances of which such resin forms the base. Possession, etc., of prepared opium 9. (1) No person shall-- (a) import into or export from Malaysia; or (b) keep or have in his possession, custody or control; or (c) manufacture, sell or otherwise deal in, any prepared opium. (2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence against this Act and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding *twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both. Use of premises, possession of utensils and consumption of opium 10. (1) If any person-- (a) being the owner or occupier of any premises permits those premises to be used for the purpose of making p r e p a r e d opium or for the sale or the smoking or consumption otherwise of prepared opium; or (b) is concerned in the management of any premises used for any such purposes as aforesaid, he shall be guilty of an offence against this Act and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding **ten thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding **three years or to both. *NOTE--Previously "ten thousand ringgit"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1986 [Act A659]. **NOTE--Previously "five thousand ringgit" and "two years imprisonment"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1972 [Act A112]. Dangerous Drugs 15 (2) If any person-- (a) has in his possession any pipe or other utensil for use in connection with the smoking of prepared opium, or any utensil used in the preparation of opium for smoking or consumption otherwise; or (b) smokes or otherwise consumes prepared opium or frequents any place or places used for the purpose of smoking or otherwise consuming prepared opium, he shall be guilty of an offence against this Act and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding *five thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding *two years or to both. (3) In this section "consume" with its grammatical variations means eat, chew, smoke, swallow, drink, inhale, or introduce into the body in any manner or by any means whatsoever. PART IV CONTROL OF CERTAIN DANGEROUS DRUGS Extent of application of Part IV 11. (1) This Part applies to dangerous drugs listed in Parts III, IV and V of the First Schedule. (2) If it appears to the Minister that any other derivative of cocaine or morphine or of any salts of cocaine or morphine or of any other alkaloid of opium or any other drug of whatever kind or any substance whatever is or is likely to be productive, if improperly used, or is capable of being converted into a substance which is, or is likely to be productive, if improperly used, of ill effects substantially of the same character or nature as or analogous to those produced by cocaine or morphine, the Minister may by order declare that this Part shall apply to that derivative or alkaloid or other drug or that substance in the same manner as it applies to the drugs mentioned in subsection (1). (3) The Minister may by order amend Parts III, IV and V of the First Schedule by including therein any drug or substance in respect of which an order has been made under subsection (2) or by removing therefrom any drug or substance which has been exempted from the provisions of this Act by an order or regulations made under section 45. *NOTE--Previously "two thousand ringgit" and "one year imprisonment"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1972 [Act A112]. 16 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia Restriction on import and export of certain dangerous drugs 12. (1) No person shall except under the authorization of the Minister-- (a) import into Malaysia any dangerous drug specified in Parts III, IV and V of the First Schedule; or (b) export from Malaysia any dangerous drug specified in Parts III and IV of the First Schedule. (2) No person shall have in his possession, custody or control any dangerous drug to which this Part applies unless he is authorized to be in possession, custody or control of such drug or is deemed to be so authorized under this Act or the regulations made thereunder. (3) Any person who contravenes subsection (2) of this section shall be guilty of an offence against this Act and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding *one hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding **five years or to both. (4) Any person who is a public officer employed at any prison, rehabilitation centre, police lock-up or place of detention shall, on his conviction under subsection (3) for contravening subsection (2), be liable to whipping of not more than three strokes in addition to the punishment to which he is liable under subsection (3). Keeping or using premises for unlawful administration 13. Any person who-- (a) being the occupier of any premises, and not being a registered medical practitioner or a registered dentist, keeps or uses such premises for the purpose of the a d m i n i s t r a t i o n of any dangerous drug specified in Parts III and IV of the First Schedule to a human being; or (b) being the owner or occupier of any premises permits s u c h premises to be used for the purpose of the administration of any such dangerous drug to a human being by any person other than a registered medical *NOTE--Previously "twenty thousand ringgit"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1998 [Act A1025]. **NOTE--Previously "three years"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1973 [Act A194]. Dangerous Drugs 17 practitioner or registered dentist or a person acting under the directions of a registered medical practitioner or registered dentist; or (c) being the owner or occupier of any premises permits such premises to be used for the purpose of the smoking or consumption otherwise of any such dangerous drug by a human being, shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding ten thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding *five years or to both. Administration to others 14. (1) Any person who administers any dangerous drug specified in Parts III and IV of the First Schedule to any other person shall be guilty of an offence against this Act and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding ten thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both. (2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to render unlawful the administration of any such drug by or under the directions of a registered medical practitioner or a registered dentist or a medical or dental officer of any visiting force lawfully present in Malaysia who is resident in Malaysia on full pay and acting in the course of his duty. Self administration 15. (1) Any person who-- (a) consumes, administers to himself or suffers any other person, contrary to section 14 to administer to him any dangerous drug specified in Parts III and IV of the First Schedule; or (b) is found in any premises kept or used for any of the purposes specified in section 13 in order that any such dangerous drug may be administered to or smoked or otherwise consumed by him, shall be guilty of an offence against this Act and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding five thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years. *NOTE--Previously "three years"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1973 [Act A194]. 18 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia (2) For the purpose of this section, "consumes" includes eat, chew, smoke, swallow, drink, inhale or introduce into the body in any manner or by any means whatsoever. Control of manufacture and sale of certain dangerous drugs 16. (1) For the purpose of preventing the improper use of the dangerous drugs specified in Parts III, IV and V of the First Schedule, the Minister may make regulations to provide for controlling the manufacture, sale, possession, and distribution of such drugs, and in particular, but without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, for-- (a) prohibiting the manufacture of any such drug except on premises licensed for the purpose and subject to any conditions specified in the licence; (b) prohibiting the manufacture, sale, or distribution of any s u c h drug except by persons licensed or otherwise authorized under the regulations and subject to any conditions specified in the licence or authority; (c) regulating the issue by registered medical practitioners, registered dentists, and veterinary surgeons of prescriptions containing any such drug, and the dispensing of any such prescriptions; (d) requiring persons engaged in the manufacture, sale or distribution of any such drug to keep such books and to furnish such information, either in writing or otherwise, as may be prescribed; and (e) prescribing the marking of packages, bottles or containers in which any such drug is supplied. (2) The regulations made under this section may provide for authorizing any licensed pharmacist in accordance with any written law relating to poisons from time to time in force in Malaysia or any part thereof-- (a) to manufacture in the ordinary course of his retail business any preparation, admixture, or extract of any dangerous drug specified in Parts III, IV and V of the First Schedule; and Dangerous Drugs 19 (b) to carry on the business of retailing, dispensing, or compounding any such drug, subject in each case to the power of the Minister to withdraw the authorization in the case of a person who has been convicted of an offence against this Act, and who cannot, in the opinion of the M i n i s t e r properly be allowed to carry on the business of manufacturing, selling, or distributing, as the case may be, any such drug. (3) Nothing contained in any regulation made under this section shall be construed as authorizing the sale, or the keeping of an open shop for the retailing, dispensing, or compounding of poisons by any person who is not duly qualified in that behalf under, or otherwise than in accordance with, any written law relating to poisons from time to time in force in Malaysia or any part thereof, or as derogating from the said Act, for prohibiting, restricting, or regulating the sale of poisons. (4) All such regulations shall be made in accordance with section 47. Prohibition of trade, etc., in new drugs, and power to apply Part IV with or without modifications to certain drugs 17. (1) It shall not be lawful for any person to trade in, or manufacture for the purposes of trade, any products obtained from any of the phenanthrene alkaloids of opium or from the ecgonine alkaloids of the coca leaf, not being a product which was on 30 March 1961, being used for medical or scientific purposes or not being a substance specified in the First Schedule: Provided that if the Minister is at any time satisfied as respects any such product that it is of medical or scientific value, the Minister may by order direct that this subsection shall cease to apply to that product. If any person acts in contravention of this subsection, he shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding ten thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding *five years or to both. *NOTE--Previously "three years"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1973 [Act A194]. 20 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia (2) If it is made to appear to the Minister that a decision with respect to any such product as is mentioned in subsection (1) has in pursuance of article 3 of the Single Convention been communicated by the Secretary General of the United Nations Organization to the parties to the said Convention, the Minister may by order, as the case requires, either declare that this Part shall apply to that product in the same manner as they apply to the drugs mentioned in subsection 11(1) or apply this Part to that product with such modifications as may be specified in the order. (3) The Minister may by order make, in the First Schedule, any alterations incidental to the inclusion of any such drug or substance in such Schedule. PART V CONTROL OF EXTERNAL TRADE Interpretation 18. In this Part-- "Convention" means the Single Convention; "diversion certificate" means a certificate issued by the competent authority of a country through which a dangerous drug passes in transit, authorizing the diversion of such drug to a country other than that specified as the country of ultimate destination in the export authorization, and containing all the particulars required to be included in an export authorization, together with the name of the country from which the consignment was originally exported; "export authorization" means an authorization issued by a competent authority in a country from which a dangerous drug is exported; "import authorization" means a licence, issued by a competent authority in a country into which it is intended to import dangerous drugs. Dangerous Drugs 21 Export of dangerous drugs 19. (1) Upon the production of an import authorization or an approval of import certificate duly issued by the competent authority in any country, it shall be lawful for the Minister to issue an export authorization in the Form B set out in the Second Schedule in respect of any drug referred to in the import authorization to any person who is named as the exporter in such import authorization, and is, under this Act, otherwise lawfully entitled to export such drug from Malaysia. The export authorization shall be prepared in triplicate and two copies shall be issued to the exporter who shall send one copy with the drug to which it refers when such drug is exported. The Minister shall send the third copy direct to the appropriate authority of the country of ultimate destination. Where the intended exportation is to a country which is not a party to the C o n v e n t i o n , it shall not be necessary to produce an import authorization as aforesaid. In all cases it shall be in the absolute discretion of the Minister to issue or refuse an export authorization, as he may see fit. (2) No dangerous drug shall be exported from Malaysia unless the consignor is in possession of a valid and subsisting export authorization relating to such drug granted under this Act. (3) At the time of exportation of any dangerous drug the exporter shall produce to such officer as the Minister may appoint, the dangerous drug, the export authorization relating thereto, and such other evidence as such officer may require to satisfy him that the drug is being lawfully exported to the place and person named in the authorization which refers to it. (4) Any person who shall export any dangerous drug from Malaysia except in pursuance of and in accordance with this Act and the terms and conditions of any authorization or licence granted under this Act in respect of such export shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be liable on conviction to *imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years and not less than three years. *NOTE--Previously "fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both such fine and imprisonment"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1973 [Act A194]. 22 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia Import of dangerous drugs 20. (1) An import authorization in the Form C set out in the Second Schedule permitting the importation into Malaysia of any dangerous drug specified therein may be granted by the Minister, subject to such conditions as he shall deem fit, to any person who may lawfully import such drug and such conditions shall be endorsed upon the import authorization. (2) Where an import authorization is issued in pursuance of subsection (1), the Minister shall also issue, in relation to the dangerous drug intended to be imported, an approval of import certificate in the Form A set out in the Second Schedule which shall be forwarded by the intending importer to the person from whom the drug is to be obtained. When the importer to whom an import authorization is issued under this section intends to import the drug or drugs to which such authorization relates in more than one consignment, a separate approval of import certificate shall be issued to him in respect of each such consignment. (3) No dangerous drug shall be imported into Malaysia unless the person to whom the drug is consigned is in possession of a valid and subsisting import authorization granted in pursuance of this section. (4) Every dangerous drug imported into Malaysia from a country which is a party to the Convention shall be accompanied by a valid and subsisting export authorization or diversion certificate. (5) Any person who shall import any dangerous drug into Malaysia except in pursuance of and in accordance with this Act and the terms and conditions of any approval, authorization or licence granted under this Act in respect of such import shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be liable on conviction to *imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years and not less than three years. Dangerous drugs in transit 21. (1) No person shall bring any dangerous drug to Malaysia in transit unless-- (a) the drug is in course of transit from a country from which it may lawfully be exported, to another country into which such drug may lawfully be imported; and *NOTE--Previously "fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars or to imprinsonment for a term not exceeding three years or to both such fine and imprisonment"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1973 [Act A194]. Dangerous Drugs 23 (b) except where the drug comes from a country not a party to the Convention, it is accompanied by a valid and subsisting export authorization or diversion certificate, as the case may be. (2) Where any dangerous drug in transit is accompanied by an export authorization or diversion certificate and there are reasonable grounds for believing that such authorization or certificate is false, or that it has been obtained by fraud or wilful misrepresentation of a material particular, it shall be lawful for the Minister, or any officer authorized by him in that behalf, to seize and detain the drug to which such authorization or certificate relates. Upon being satisfied that such authorization or certificate is valid or has not been obtained by fraud or misrepresentation as aforesaid, the Minister or such officer shall release the drug. (3) Where the dangerous drug in transit is not accompanied by an export authorization or diversion certificate by reason of the fact that the drug comes from a country not a party to the Convention and there are reasonable grounds for believing that such drug is being conveyed in an unlawful manner or for an unlawful purpose or is in course of transit for the purpose of being imported into another country in contravention of the laws of that country, it shall be lawful for the Minister, or any officer authorized by him in that behalf, to seize and detain the drug. (4) Where a dangerous drug brought into Malaysia in transit is landed, or transhipped in Malaysia, it shall be stored and dealt with as the Minister may direct and shall be moved only under and in accordance with a removal licence granted in pursuance of section 22. (5) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to apply to any dangerous drug in transit by post or in transit by air if the aircraft passes over Malaysia without landing, or to such quantities of dangerous drugs as may reasonably form part of the medical stores of any ship or aircraft. (6) Any person who brings any dangerous drug into Malaysia in transit otherwise than in accordance with this section shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding *twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding *five years or to both. *NOTE--Previously "ten thousand ringgit" and "three years imprisonment"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1973 [Act A194]. 24 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia Removal licences in transit 22. (1) No person shall-- (a) in any way move any such drug from the conveyance by which it is brought into Malaysia in transit; or (b) in any way move any such drug in Malaysia at any time after removal from such conveyance, except under and in accordance with a licence (in the Form D set out in the Second Schedule and in this Act referred to as a "removal licence") issued by the Minister. In all cases it shall be in the absolute discretion of the Minister to issue or refuse a removal licence as he shall deem fit. (2) No removal licence for the transfer of any such drug to any conveyance for removal out of Malaysia shall be issued unless and until a valid and subsisting export authorization or diversion certificate relating to it is produced to the Minister save that where the drug has come from a country not a party to the Convention this subsection shall not apply. (3) This section shall not apply to dangerous drugs in transit by post. (4) Notwithstanding this section the Minister may in his absolute discretion authorize the temporary removal for safe custody of such quantities of dangerous drugs as may reasonably form part of the medical stores of any ship or aircraft on such terms and subject to such conditions as he shall think fit. (5) Any person who contravenes this section shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding *twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding *five years or to both. Drugs not to be tampered with 23. (1) It shall be unlawful for any person to cause any dangerous drug in transit to be subjected to any process which would alter its nature, or wilfully to open or break any package containing a *NOTE--Previously "ten thousand ringgit" and "three years imprisonment"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1973 [Act A194]. Dangerous Drugs 25 dangerous drug in transit except upon the instructions of the Minister or of any officer authorized by the Minister to give such instructions and in such manner as he or such officer may direct. (2) Any person who contravenes this section shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding *twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding *five years or to both. The diversion of dangerous drugs in transit 24. (1) No person shall, except under the authority and in accordance with the terms and conditions of a diversion certificate in the Form E set out in the Second Schedule, cause or procure any dangerous drug brought into Malaysia in transit to be diverted to any destination other than that to which it was originally consigned. In the case of any drug in transit accompanied by an export authorization or a diversion certificate issued by a competent authority of some other country, the country to which the drug was originally consigned shall be deemed to be the country stated in such export authorization or diversion certificate to be the country of destination. (2) The Minister may, in his absolute discretion, issue a diversion certificate in respect of any dangerous drug in transit upon production to him of a valid and subsisting import certificate issued by a competent authority in the country to which it is proposed to divert the drug, or if that country is not a party to the Convention upon such evidence as may satisfy him that the drug is to be sent in a lawful manner and for a proper purpose. (3) A diversion certificate shall be issued in duplicate: one copy thereof shall accompany the drug when it is removed from Malaysia; another copy shall be despatched by or on behalf of the Minister direct to the proper authority in the country to which the consignment has been diverted. (4) U p o n the issue of a diversion certificate the export authorization or diversion certificate (if any) accompanying the drug on its arrival in Malaysia shall be detained by the Minister or by such officer as the Minister may appoint to perform such duties and returned to the authority issuing such authorization or diversion certificate together with a notification of the name of the country to which such drug has been diverted. *NOTE--Previously "ten thousand ringgit" and "three years imprisonment"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1973 [Act A194]. 26 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia (5) Any person who contravenes this section shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding *twenty thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding *five years or to both. Exemption of preparation in the possession of travellers 25.  Nothing in this Part shall be deemed to apply to such quantity of any dangerous drug in the form of a medicinal preparation in the possession of any person arriving in Malaysia by land, air or water from any place outside Malaysia as is reasonably required for the use of such person and which has been supplied to such person bona fide by or on the prescription of a medical practitioner residing outside Malaysia in accordance with the law of the country in which such drug was so supplied, provided that such person shall, as soon as possible on arrival, declare his possession of such dangerous drug to an officer having authority under this Act to search such person and shall submit to such medical examination as may be required of him. PART VA 25A­25P. (Deleted by Act 283). PART VI ANCILLARY AND GENERAL PROVISIONS Interpretation 26. In this Part-- "senior officer of customs" and "officer of customs" have, respectively, the same meaning as that assigned to such expressions in the Customs Act 1967 [Act 235]. Powers of inspection and seizure 27. (1) Whenever it appears to any Magistrate or Justice of the Peace, upon information and after such inquiry as he thinks necessary, that there is reasonable cause to believe that in or on any premises there is concealed or deposited any dangerous drug, syringe, pipe, lamp, utensil or other article liable to forfeiture under this Act, or *NOTE--Previously "ten thousand ringgit" and "three years imprisonment"­see Dangerous Drugs (Amendment) Act 1973 [Act A194]. Dangerous Drugs 27 as to which an offence under this Act has been committed, or any book or document directly or indirectly relating to or connected with any transaction or dealing which was, or any intended transaction or dealing which would if carried out be, an offence under this Act, or, in the case of a transaction or dealing carried out or intended to be carried out in any place outside Malaysia, an offence under the provisions of any corresponding law in force in that place, such Magistrate or Justice of the Peace may, by his warrant directed to any police officer not below the rank of Sergeant or to any officer of customs or to any Drug Enforcement Officer, empower such officer by day or by night-- (a) to enter such premises and there to search for, and seize and detain, any such dangerous drug, article, book or document; (b) where the officer is a police officer or an officer of customs, to arrest any person or persons being in or on such premises in whose possession any dangerous drug or article subject to forfeiture under this Act is found, or whom the officer reasonably believes to have concealed or deposited such dangerous drug or article; and (c) to seize and detain any book or document found in or on such premises or on such person. (2) Such officer may if it is necessary so to do-- (a) break open any outer or inner door or window of such premises and enter thereinto; (b) forcibly enter such premises and every part thereof; (c) remove by force any obstruction to such entry, search, seizure and removal as he is empowered to effect; (d) detain every person found in or on such premises, until such premises have been searched. (3) Any police officer not below the rank of Sub-Inspector or any senior officer of customs or any Drug Enforcement Officer or any person authorized in that behalf by any general or special order of the Minister may, for the purposes of this Act, enter the premises of any person carrying on the business of a producer, manufacturer, seller or distributor of any dangerous drug and demand the production of, and inspect, any book or document relating to dealing in any such dangerous drug, and inspect any stock of such dangerous drug. 28 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia (4) Whenever it appears to any police officer not below the rank of Sub-Inspector or to any senior officer of customs or to any Drug Enforcement Officer that there is reasonable cause to believe that in or on any premises there is concealed or deposited, in contravention of this Act, any dangerous drug, syringe, pipe, lamp, utensil or other article or any such book or document as is described in subsection (1) and he has good grounds for believing that, by reason of the delay in obtaining a search warrant, the object of the search is likely to be frustrated, he may exercise in, upon and in respect of such premises all the powers mentioned in subsection (1), except, in the case of a Drug Enforcement Officer, the power of arrest, in as full and ample a manner as if he were empowered to do so by warrant issued under the said subsection. (5) Any police officer not below the rank of Sub-Inspector or any senior officer of customs shall be entitled to exercise in, upon and in respect of any ship, not being or having the status of a ship of war, or any aircraft, islet, landing place or wharf or any warehouse or place adjoining a wharf, and used in connection therewith, all the powers mentioned in subsection (1) in as full and ample a manner as if he were empowered to do so by warrant issued under the said subsection. (6) Any police officer or officer of customs may, for the purpose of carrying out this Act, board any ship, not being or having the status of a ship of war, or any aircraft and remain on board as long as such ship or aircraft remains in Malaysia. (7) Any box, chest, package or other article, which is being landed or has been recently landed from any ship or which is in or upon any ship (not being or having the status of a ship of war), aircraft, islet, landing place or wharf, or which is being removed from any such ship, islet, landing place or wharf, or which is being brought into, or has recently been brought into Malaysia, by land, air or water, or is about to be taken out of Malaysia by land, air or water-- (a) may be examined and searched by any officer of customs and may be detained until any person in charge or possession thereof has opened the same to admit of such examination and search and in default of such opening may be removed by such officer to a police station or to a customs office; Dangerous Drugs 29 (b) may be broken open by the order of any senior officer of customs to facilitate such examination and search: Provided that any person in charge, or in possession of such box, chest, package or other article shall be afforded every reasonable facility for being present at such breaking open, examination or search. (8) Any police officer or any officer of customs may stop and search any conveyance which he has reasonable ground for believing to be used for the carriage of any dangerous drug in contravention of this Act. (9) Any person landing or being about to land or having recently landed from any ship, or leaving any ship in the waters of Malaysia, whether for the purpose of landing or otherwise, or entering or having recently entered Malaysia by land, air or water, or being about to leave Malaysia by land, air or water shall-- (a) on demand by any officer of customs, either permit his person and goods and baggage to be searched by such o f f i c e r or, together with such goods and baggage, accompany such officer to a police station or a customs office, and there permit his person, goods and baggage to be searched by any officer of customs in the presence and under the supervision of a senior officer of customs; (b) on demand by any senior officer of customs, permit his person and goods and baggage to be searched by him or by some other officer of customs in his presence and under his supervision: Provided that the goods of any person who claims to be present when these are searched shall not be searched except in his presence and provided that no female shall be searched except by a female. Power to intercept communication 27A. (1) N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g any other written law, the Public Prosecutor, if he considers that it is likely to contain any information relating to the commission of an offence against this Act or to an act preparatory to or for the purpose of committing an offence against this Act, may, on the application of a police officer not 30 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia below the rank of Superintendent of Police or of an officer of customs not below the rank of Assistant Director of Customs and Excise, authorize any police officer or officer of customs, as the case may be-- (a) to intercept, detain and open any postal article in the course of transmission by post; (b) to intercept any message transmitted or received by any telecommunication; or (c) to intercept or listen to any conversation by telecommunication. (2) When any person is charged with an offence against this Act, any information obtained by a police officer or officer of customs in pursuance of subsection (1), whether before or after such person is charged, shall be admissible at his trial in evidence. ( 3 ) A n authorization by the Public Prosecutor under subsection (1) may be given either orally or in writing, and either to any particular police officer or officer of customs, or generally to the Inspector General of Police and all other police officers or the Director General of Customs and Excise and all other officers of customs: Provided that where an oral authorization is given, the Public Prosecutor shall, as soon as practicable, reduce the authorization into writing. (4) A certificate by the Public Prosecutor that the action taken by a police officer or an officer of customs in pursuance of subsection (1) had been authorized by him under subsection (1) shall be conclusive evidence that it had been so authorized, and such certificate shall be admissible in evidence without proof of signature thereof. (5) No person shall be under any duty, obligation or liability, or be in any manner compelled, to disclose in any proceedings the procedure, method, manner or means, or any matter whatsoever related thereto, with regard to anything done under paragraph(1)(a), (b) or (c). Dangerous Drugs 31 (6) For the purpose of this section-- "postal article" shall have the same meaning as in the *Postal Services Act 1991 [Act 465]; and "telecommunication" shall have the same meaning as in the **Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 [Act 588]. Obstruction of inspection or search 28. Any person who-- (a) refuses any officer authorized to enter or search access to any premises, or conveyance; or (b) assaults, obstructs, hinders or delays him in effecting any entrance which he is entitled to effect under this Act, or in the execution of any duty imposed or power conferred by this Act; or (c) fails to comply with any lawful demands of any police officer or officer of customs in the execution of his duty under this Act; or (d) refuses or neglects to give any information which may reasonably be required of him and which he has it in his power to give; or (e) fails to produce or conceals or attempts to conceal any book, document, dangerous drug, syringe, pipe, lamp, or utensil in relation to which there is reasonable ground for suspecting that an offence has been or is being committed against this Act; or (f) rescues or endeavours to rescue or causes to be rescued any things which have been duly seized; or (g) furnishes to any officer as true, information which he knows or has reason to believe to be false; or (h) before or after any seizure, breaks or otherwise destroys anything to prevent the seizure thereof, or the securing of the same, shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding two thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year or to both. **NOTE--This Act has replaced the Post Office Act 1947 [Act 211]­see section 50 of Act 465. **NOTE--This Act has replaced the Telecommunications Act 1950 [Act 20]­see subsection 273(1) of Act 588. 32 ACT 234 Laws of Malaysia Indemnity 29. (1) The Government shall not be liable to make good any damage which any goods or other property may sustain as a result of an entry, search or detention under this Act, unless such damage shall have been caused by the wilful neglect or default of an officer employed by the Government. (2) In the event of any dispute as to the amount of any damage so caused the same